How can NPM monitor devices that do not support SNMP?

• A. All of the above
• B. It can use ICMP/ping to determine availability
• C. It can use WMI (Windows) or SSH for certain metrics
• D. It can integrate with flow data or IP SLA for remote monitoring

Answer: (A)

NPM can monitor devices that don’t support SNMP by using a combination of alternative data sources and methods that still provide visibility into availability and performance. ICMP or ping checks verify whether a device responds and give basic latency and packet loss information, which is a fundamental health indicator even when SNMP isn’t available. For Windows systems, WMI can be used to pull performance counters and other metrics, while for other operating systems or devices that support SSH, collecting data over SSH allows access to CPU, memory, disk, and interface statistics without SNMP. Flow data, such as NetFlow or IPFIX, offers visibility into traffic patterns and utilization on interfaces, independent of SNMP, and IP SLA probes can perform synthetic tests from the monitoring host to measure reachability, latency, jitter, and packet loss. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive way to monitor devices lacking SNMP, covering availability, performance metrics, and traffic/response characteristics.